/
OS-World439e178from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import os
import time
import re
from typing import Callable, Any, Optional, Tuple
from typing import List, Dict, Union
import gymnasium as gym
from desktop_env.controllers.python import PythonController
from desktop_env.controllers.setup import SetupController
from desktop_env.evaluators import metrics, getters
from desktop_env.providers import create_vm_manager_and_provider
logger = logging.getLogger("desktopenv.env")
Metric = Callable[[Any, Any], float]
Getter = Callable[[gym.Env, Dict[str, Any]], Any]
MAX_RETRIES = 5 # Maximum retries for environment setup
def _fix_pyautogui_less_than_bug(command: str) -> str:
"""
Fix PyAutoGUI '<' character bug by converting it to hotkey("shift", ',') calls.
This fixes the known PyAutoGUI issue where typing '<' produces '>' instead.
References:
- https://github.com/asweigart/pyautogui/issues/198
- https://github.com/xlang-ai/OSWorld/issues/257
Args:
command (str): The original pyautogui command
Returns:
str: The fixed command with '<' characters handled properly
"""
# Pattern to match press('<') or press('\u003c') calls
press_pattern = r'pyautogui\.press\(["\'](?:<|\\u003c)["\']\)'
# Handle press('<') calls
def replace_press_less_than(match):
return 'pyautogui.hotkey("shift", ",")'
# First handle press('<') calls
command = re.sub(press_pattern, replace_press_less_than, command)
# Pattern to match typewrite calls with quoted strings
typewrite_pattern = r'pyautogui\.typewrite\((["\'])(.*?)\1\)'
# Then handle typewrite calls
def process_typewrite_match(match):
quote_char = match.group(1)
content = match.group(2)
# Preprocess: Try to decode Unicode escapes like \u003c to actual '<'
# This handles cases where '<' is represented as escaped Unicode
try:
# Attempt to decode unicode escapes
decoded_content = content.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')
content = decoded_content
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# If decoding fails, proceed with original content to avoid breaking existing logic
pass # English comment: Graceful degradation - fall back to original content if decoding fails
# Check if content contains '<'
if '<' not in content:
return match.group(0)
# Split by '<' and rebuild
parts = content.split('<')
result_parts = []
for i, part in enumerate(parts):
if i == 0:
# First part
if part:
result_parts.append(f"pyautogui.typewrite({quote_char}{part}{quote_char})")
else:
# Add hotkey for '<' and then typewrite for the rest
result_parts.append('pyautogui.hotkey("shift", ",")')
if part:
result_parts.append(f"pyautogui.typewrite({quote_char}{part}{quote_char})")
return '; '.join(result_parts)
command = re.sub(typewrite_pattern, process_typewrite_match, command)
return command
class DesktopEnv(gym.Env):
"""
DesktopEnv with OpenAI Gym interface. It provides a desktop environment for setting and evaluating desktop automation tasks.
"""
def __init__(
self,
provider_name: str = "vmware",
region: str = None,
path_to_vm: str = None,
snapshot_name: str = "init_state",
action_space: str = "pyautogui",
cache_dir: str = "cache",
screen_size: Tuple[int] = (int(os.environ.get("SCREEN_WIDTH", 1920)), int(os.environ.get("SCREEN_HEIGHT", 1080))),
headless: bool = False,
require_a11y_tree: bool = True,
require_terminal: bool = False,
os_type: str = "Ubuntu",
enable_proxy: bool = False,
client_password: str = "",
):
"""
Args:
provider_name (str): virtualization provider name, default to "vmware"
region (str): the region for allocate machines, work for cloud services, default to "us-east-1"
path_to_vm (str): path to .vmx file
snapshot_name (str): snapshot name to revert to, default to "init_state"
action_space (str): "computer_13" | "pyautogui"
cache_dir (str): cache directory to cache task-related stuffs like
reference file for evaluation
screen_size (Tuple[int]): screen size of the VM
headless (bool): whether to run the VM in headless mode
require_a11y_tree (bool): whether to require accessibility tree
require_terminal (bool): whether to require terminal output
os_type (str): operating system type, default to "Ubuntu"
enable_proxy (bool): whether to enable proxy support, default to False
"""
# Initialize VM manager and vitualization provider
self.region = region
self.provider_name = provider_name
self.enable_proxy = enable_proxy # Store proxy enablement setting
if client_password == "":
if self.provider_name == "aws":
self.client_password = "osworld-public-evaluation"
else:
self.client_password = "password"
else:
self.client_password = client_password
self.screen_width = screen_size[0]
self.screen_height = screen_size[1]
# Default
self.server_port = 5000
self.chromium_port = 9222
self.vnc_port = 8006
self.vlc_port = 8080
# Initialize with default (no proxy) provider
self.current_use_proxy = False
self.manager, self.provider = None, None
self.os_type = os_type
self.path_to_vm = path_to_vm
# Track whether environment has been used (step/setup) to optimize snapshot revert
# docker, aws, gcp, azure are always unused as the emulator starts from a clean state
# vmware, virtualbox are always used as the emulator starts from a dirty state
if self.provider_name in {"docker", "aws", "gcp", "azure", "aliyun", "volcengine"}:
self.is_environment_used = False
elif self.provider_name in {"vmware", "virtualbox"}:
self.is_environment_used = True
else:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid provider name: {self.provider_name}")
self.snapshot_name = snapshot_name
self.cache_dir_base: str = cache_dir
self.headless = headless
self.require_a11y_tree = require_a11y_tree
self.require_terminal = require_terminal
# mode: human or machine
self.instruction = None
assert action_space in ["computer_13", "pyautogui", "claude_computer_use", "autoglm_computer_use"]
self.action_space = action_space # todo: refactor it to the ActType
# episodic stuffs, like counters, will be updated or reset
# when calling self.reset()
self._traj_no: int = -1
self._step_no: int = 0
self.action_history: List[Dict[str, any]] = []
def start(self):
# Initialize emulator and controller
if not self.manager and not self.provider:
logger.info("Initializing...")
self.manager, self.provider = create_vm_manager_and_provider(self.provider_name, self.region, use_proxy=False)
if self.path_to_vm:
self.path_to_vm = os.path.abspath(os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(self.path_to_vm))) \
if self.provider_name in {"vmware", "virtualbox"} else self.path_to_vm
else:
self.path_to_vm = self.manager.get_vm_path(os_type=self.os_type, region=self.region, screen_size=(self.screen_width, self.screen_height))
self._start_emulator()
def _start_emulator(self):
try:
# Power on the virtual machine
self.provider.start_emulator(self.path_to_vm, self.headless, self.os_type)
# Get the ip from the virtual machine, and setup the controller
vm_ip_ports = self.provider.get_ip_address(self.path_to_vm).split(':')
self.vm_ip = vm_ip_ports[0]
# Get the ports from the virtual machine (for Docker provider only)
if len(vm_ip_ports) > 1:
self.server_port = int(vm_ip_ports[1])
self.chromium_port = int(vm_ip_ports[2])
self.vnc_port = int(vm_ip_ports[3])
self.vlc_port = int(vm_ip_ports[4])
self.controller = PythonController(vm_ip=self.vm_ip, server_port=self.server_port)
self.setup_controller = SetupController(vm_ip=self.vm_ip, server_port=self.server_port, chromium_port=self.chromium_port, vlc_port=self.vlc_port, cache_dir=self.cache_dir_base, client_password=self.client_password, screen_width=self.screen_width, screen_height=self.screen_height)
except Exception as e:
try:
self.provider.stop_emulator(self.path_to_vm)
except Exception as stop_err:
logger.warning(f"Cleanup after interrupt failed: {stop_err}")
raise
def _revert_to_snapshot(self):
# Revert to certain snapshot of the virtual machine, and refresh the path to vm and ip of vm
# due to the fact it could be changed when implemented by cloud services
path_to_vm = self.provider.revert_to_snapshot(self.path_to_vm, self.snapshot_name)
if path_to_vm and not path_to_vm == self.path_to_vm:
# path_to_vm has to be a new path
self.manager.delete_vm(self.path_to_vm, self.region)
self.manager.add_vm(path_to_vm, self.region)
self.manager.occupy_vm(path_to_vm, os.getpid(), self.region)
self.path_to_vm = path_to_vm
def _save_state(self, snapshot_name=None):
# Save the current virtual machine state to a certain snapshot name
self.provider.save_state(self.path_to_vm, snapshot_name)
def close(self):
# Close (release) the virtual machine
self.provider.stop_emulator(self.path_to_vm)
def reset(self, task_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, seed=None, options=None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
# Reset to certain task in OSWorld
logger.info("Resetting environment...")
logger.info("Switching task...")
logger.info("Setting counters...")
self._traj_no += 1
self._step_no = 0
self.action_history.clear()
for attempt in range(MAX_RETRIES):
# Only revert to snapshot if environment has been used (step/setup)
# This optimization is especially important for cloud providers like AWS
# where unnecessary snapshot operations are costly and time-consuming
if task_config is not None:
# Only consider task proxy requirement if proxy is enabled at system level
task_use_proxy = task_config.get("proxy", False) and self.enable_proxy
if not self.enable_proxy and task_config.get("proxy", False):
logger.info("Task requires proxy but proxy is disabled at system level, ignoring proxy requirement.")
if task_use_proxy != self.current_use_proxy:
# keep because get_info_from_website depend on this
self.current_use_proxy = task_use_proxy
if self.is_environment_used:
logger.info("Environment has been used, reverting to snapshot {}...".format(self.snapshot_name))
self._revert_to_snapshot()
logger.info("Starting emulator...")
self._start_emulator()
logger.info("Emulator started.")
# Reset the usage flag after reverting
self.is_environment_used = False
else:
logger.info("Environment is clean, skipping snapshot revert (provider: {}).".format(self.provider_name))
if task_config is not None:
if task_config.get("proxy", False) and self.enable_proxy:
# If using proxy and proxy is enabled, set up the proxy configuration
self.setup_controller._proxy_setup(self.client_password)
self._set_task_info(task_config)
self.setup_controller.reset_cache_dir(self.cache_dir)
logger.info("Setting up environment...")
success = self.setup_controller.setup(self.config, task_config.get("proxy", False) and self.enable_proxy)
if success:
# Mark environment as used when setup is successfully executed
if self.config: # Only mark as used if there were actual setup operations
self.is_environment_used = True
break
else:
logger.error(
"Environment setup failed, retrying (%d/%d)...",
attempt + 1,
MAX_RETRIES,
)
time.sleep(5)
else:
break
logger.info("Environment setup complete.")
observation = self._get_obs()
return observation
def _get_obs(self):
# We provide screenshot, accessibility_tree (optional), terminal (optional), and instruction.
# can be customized and scaled
return {
"screenshot": self.controller.get_screenshot(),
"accessibility_tree": self.controller.get_accessibility_tree() if self.require_a11y_tree else None,
"terminal": self.controller.get_terminal_output() if self.require_terminal else None,
"instruction": self.instruction
}
@property
def vm_platform(self):
return self.controller.get_vm_platform()
@property
def vm_screen_size(self):
return self.controller.get_vm_screen_size()
def _set_task_info(self, task_config: Dict[str, Any]):
"""Set task info (proxy logic is handled in reset method)"""
self.task_id: str = task_config["id"]
self.cache_dir: str = os.path.join(self.cache_dir_base, self.task_id)
os.makedirs(self.cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
self.instruction = task_config["instruction"]
self.config = task_config["config"] if "config" in task_config else []
self._set_evaluator_info(task_config)
def _set_evaluator_info(self, task_config: Dict[str, Any]):
"""Set evaluator information from task config"""
if "evaluator" not in task_config:
return
# evaluator dict
# func -> metric function string, or list of metric function strings
# conj -> conjunction of multiple metrics if func is a list with length > 1, "and"/"or"
# result -> result getter config, or list of result getter configs
# expected (optional) -> expected getter config, or list of expected getter configs
# options (optional) -> metric options, or list of metric options
# if func is a str list, then result, expected (if exists), options (if exists) should also be lists of the same length
# even if one of the metrics does not need expected or options field, it should be included in the list with None
self.evaluator = task_config["evaluator"]
self.metric: Metric = [getattr(metrics, func) for func in self.evaluator["func"]] \
if isinstance(self.evaluator["func"], list) \
else getattr(metrics, self.evaluator["func"])
self.metric_conj: str = self.evaluator.get("conj", "and") # take conjunction of multiple metrics
if "result" in self.evaluator and len(self.evaluator["result"]) > 0:
self.result_getter: Getter = [getattr(getters, "get_{:}".format(res["type"])) for res in
self.evaluator["result"]] \
if isinstance(self.evaluator["result"], list) \
else getattr(getters, "get_{:}".format(self.evaluator["result"]["type"]))
else:
self.result_getter = [None] * len(self.metric) \
if isinstance(self.metric, list) \
else None
if "expected" in self.evaluator and len(self.evaluator["expected"]) > 0:
self.expected_getter: Getter = [getattr(getters, "get_{:}".format(exp["type"])) if exp else None for exp in
self.evaluator["expected"]] \
if isinstance(self.evaluator["expected"], list) \
else getattr(getters, "get_{:}".format(self.evaluator["expected"]["type"]))
else:
self.expected_getter = [None] * len(self.metric) \
if isinstance(self.metric, list) \
else None
self.metric_options: Union[List[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]] = [opt if opt else {} for opt in
self.evaluator["options"]] \
if isinstance(self.evaluator.get("options", {}), list) \
else self.evaluator["options"] \
if "options" in self.evaluator \
else [{}] * len(self.metric) \
if isinstance(self.metric, list) \
else {}
assert (not isinstance(self.evaluator["func"], list)
or (len(self.metric) == len(self.result_getter) == len(self.expected_getter) == len(
self.metric_options)))
def step(self, action, pause=2):
self._step_no += 1
self.action_history.append(action)
# Mark environment as used when step is called
self.is_environment_used = True
reward = 0 # todo: Define reward calculation for each example
done = False # todo: Define episode termination condition for each example
info = {}
logger.info(f"Step {self._step_no} in trajectory {self._traj_no} with action: {action}")
# handle the special actions
if action in ['WAIT', 'FAIL', 'DONE'] or (type(action) == dict and action['action_type'] in ['WAIT', 'FAIL', 'DONE']):
if action == 'WAIT' or (type(action) == dict and action.get('action_type') == 'WAIT'):
time.sleep(pause)
elif action == 'FAIL' or (type(action) == dict and action.get('action_type') == 'FAIL'):
done = True
info = {"fail": True}
elif action == 'DONE' or (type(action) == dict and action.get('action_type') == 'DONE'):
done = True
info = {"done": True}
if self.action_space == "computer_13":
# the set of all possible actions defined in the action representation
self.controller.execute_action(action)
elif self.action_space == "pyautogui" or self.action_space == "claude_computer_use":
if action in ['WAIT', 'FAIL', 'DONE'] or (type(action) == dict and action.get('action_type') in ['WAIT', 'FAIL', 'DONE']):
self.controller.execute_action(action)
else:
# the set of all possible python commands insides `pyautogui`
if type(action) == str:
# Fix PyAutoGUI '<' character bug before execution
fixed_command = _fix_pyautogui_less_than_bug(action)
self.controller.execute_python_command(fixed_command)
elif type(action) == dict:
# Fix PyAutoGUI '<' character bug before execution
fixed_command = _fix_pyautogui_less_than_bug(action['command'])
self.controller.execute_python_command(fixed_command)
time.sleep(pause)
observation = self._get_obs()
return observation, reward, done, info
def evaluate(self):
"""
Evaluate whether the task is successfully completed.
"""
postconfig = self.evaluator.get("postconfig", [])
self.setup_controller.setup(postconfig, self.enable_proxy)
# Mark environment as used if there were postconfig setup operations
if postconfig:
self.is_environment_used = True
if self.evaluator['func'] == "infeasible":
if len(self.action_history) > 0:
last_action = self.action_history[-1]
if last_action == "FAIL" or (type(last_action) == dict and last_action.get('action_type') == 'FAIL'):
return 1
return 0
else:
if len(self.action_history) > 0:
last_action = self.action_history[-1]
if last_action == "FAIL" or (type(last_action) == dict and last_action.get('action_type') == 'FAIL'):
return 0
if type(self.metric) == list:
# Multiple metrics to evaluate whether the task is successfully completed
results = []
assert len(self.metric) == len(self.result_getter), "The number of metrics and result getters must be the same"
if "expected" in self.evaluator:
assert len(self.metric) == len(self.expected_getter), "The number of metrics and expected getters must be the same"
for idx, metric in enumerate(self.metric):
try:
config = self.evaluator["result"][idx]
result_state = self.result_getter[idx](self, config)
except FileNotFoundError:
logger.error("File not found!")
if self.metric_conj == 'and':
return 0
if "expected" in self.evaluator and self.expected_getter and self.evaluator["expected"]:
expected_state = self.expected_getter[idx](self, self.evaluator["expected"][idx])
metric: int = metric(result_state, expected_state, **self.metric_options[idx])
else:
metric: int = metric(result_state, **self.metric_options[idx])
if self.metric_conj == 'and' and float(metric) == 0.0:
return 0
elif self.metric_conj == 'or' and float(metric) == 1.0:
return 1
else:
results.append(metric)
return sum(results) / len(results) if self.metric_conj == 'and' else max(results)
else:
# Single metric to evaluate whether the task is successfully completed
try:
result_state = self.result_getter(self, self.evaluator["result"])
except FileNotFoundError:
logger.error("File not found!")
return 0
if "expected" in self.evaluator and self.expected_getter and self.evaluator["expected"]:
expected_state = self.expected_getter(self, self.evaluator["expected"])
metric: float = self.metric(result_state, expected_state, **self.metric_options)
else:
metric: float = self.metric(result_state, **self.metric_options)
return metric
def render(self, mode='rgb_array'):
if mode == 'rgb_array':
return self.controller.get_screenshot()
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupported render mode: {}'.format(mode))