/
OS-Worlda861286import base64
import os
import time
from typing import Any, cast, Optional, Dict
from PIL import Image
import io
from anthropic import (
Anthropic,
AnthropicBedrock,
AnthropicVertex,
APIError,
APIResponseValidationError,
APIStatusError,
)
from anthropic.types.beta import (
BetaMessageParam,
BetaTextBlockParam,
)
from .utils import COMPUTER_USE_BETA_FLAG, PROMPT_CACHING_BETA_FLAG,SYSTEM_PROMPT, SYSTEM_PROMPT_WINDOWS, APIProvider, PROVIDER_TO_DEFAULT_MODEL_NAME, get_model_name, COMPUTER_USE_TYPE
from .utils import _response_to_params, _inject_prompt_caching, _maybe_filter_to_n_most_recent_images
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger("desktopenv.agent")
# MAX_HISTORY = 10
API_RETRY_TIMES = 500
API_RETRY_INTERVAL = 5
class AnthropicAgent:
def __init__(self,
platform: str = "Ubuntu",
model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929",
provider: APIProvider = APIProvider.BEDROCK,
max_tokens: int = 4096,
api_key: str = os.environ.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY", None),
system_prompt_suffix: str = "",
only_n_most_recent_images: Optional[int] = 10,
action_space: str = "claude_computer_use",
screen_size: tuple[int, int] = (1920, 1080),
no_thinking: bool = False,
use_isp: bool = False,
temperature: Optional[float] = None,
top_p: Optional[float] = None,
*args, **kwargs
):
self.platform = platform
self.action_space = action_space
self.logger = logger
self.class_name = self.__class__.__name__
self.model_name = model
self.provider = provider
self.max_tokens = max_tokens
self.api_key = api_key
self.system_prompt_suffix = system_prompt_suffix
self.only_n_most_recent_images = only_n_most_recent_images
self.messages: list[BetaMessageParam] = []
self.screen_size = screen_size
self.no_thinking = no_thinking
self.use_isp = use_isp
self.temperature = temperature
self.top_p = top_p
self.resize_factor = (
screen_size[0] / 1280, # Assuming 1280 is the base width
screen_size[1] / 720 # Assuming 720 is the base height
)
def _get_sampling_params(self):
"""Get sampling parameters (temperature and/or top_p) - let API validate exclusivity"""
params = {}
if self.temperature is not None:
params['temperature'] = self.temperature
if self.top_p is not None:
params['top_p'] = self.top_p
return params
def add_tool_result(self, tool_call_id: str, result: str, screenshot: bytes = None):
"""Add tool result to message history"""
tool_result_content = [
{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": tool_call_id,
"content": [{"type": "text", "text": result}]
}
]
# Add screenshot if provided
if screenshot is not None:
screenshot_base64 = base64.b64encode(screenshot).decode('utf-8')
tool_result_content[0]["content"].append({
"type": "image",
"source": {
"type": "base64",
"media_type": "image/png",
"data": screenshot_base64
}
})
self.messages.append({
"role": "user",
"content": tool_result_content
})
def _extract_raw_response_string(self, response) -> str:
"""Extract and concatenate raw response content into a single string."""
raw_response_str = ""
if response.content:
for block in response.content:
if hasattr(block, 'text') and block.text:
raw_response_str += f"[TEXT] {block.text}\n"
elif hasattr(block, 'thinking') and block.thinking:
raw_response_str += f"[THINKING] {block.thinking}\n"
elif hasattr(block, 'name') and hasattr(block, 'input'):
raw_response_str += f"[TOOL_USE] {block.name}: {block.input}\n"
else:
raw_response_str += f"[OTHER] {str(block)}\n"
return raw_response_str.strip()
def parse_actions_from_tool_call(self, tool_call: Dict) -> str:
result = ""
function_args = (
tool_call["input"]
)
action = function_args.get("action")
if not action:
action = tool_call.function.name
action_conversion = {
"left click": "click",
"right click": "right_click"
}
action = action_conversion.get(action, action)
text = function_args.get("text")
coordinate = function_args.get("coordinate")
start_coordinate = function_args.get("start_coordinate")
scroll_direction = function_args.get("scroll_direction")
scroll_amount = function_args.get("scroll_amount")
duration = function_args.get("duration")
# resize coordinates if resize_factor is set
if coordinate and self.resize_factor:
coordinate = (
int(coordinate[0] * self.resize_factor[0]),
int(coordinate[1] * self.resize_factor[1])
)
if start_coordinate and self.resize_factor:
start_coordinate = (
int(start_coordinate[0] * self.resize_factor[0]),
int(start_coordinate[1] * self.resize_factor[1])
)
if action == "left_mouse_down":
result += "pyautogui.mouseDown()\n"
elif action == "left_mouse_up":
result += "pyautogui.mouseUp()\n"
elif action == "hold_key":
if not isinstance(text, str):
raise ValueError(f"{text} must be a string")
keys = text.split('+')
for key in keys:
key = key.strip().lower()
result += f"pyautogui.keyDown('{key}')\n"
expected_outcome = f"Keys {text} held down."
# Handle mouse move and drag actions
elif action in ("mouse_move", "left_click_drag"):
if coordinate is None:
raise ValueError(f"coordinate is required for {action}")
if text is not None:
raise ValueError(f"text is not accepted for {action}")
if not isinstance(coordinate, (list, tuple)) or len(coordinate) != 2:
raise ValueError(f"{coordinate} must be a tuple of length 2")
if not all(isinstance(i, int) for i in coordinate):
raise ValueError(f"{coordinate} must be a tuple of ints")
x, y = coordinate[0], coordinate[1]
if action == "mouse_move":
result += (
f"pyautogui.moveTo({x}, {y}, duration={duration or 0.5})\n"
)
expected_outcome = f"Mouse moved to ({x},{y})."
elif action == "left_click_drag":
# If start_coordinate is provided, validate and move to start before dragging
if start_coordinate:
if not isinstance(start_coordinate, (list, tuple)) or len(start_coordinate) != 2:
raise ValueError(f"{start_coordinate} must be a tuple of length 2")
if not all(isinstance(i, int) for i in start_coordinate):
raise ValueError(f"{start_coordinate} must be a tuple of ints")
start_x, start_y = start_coordinate[0], start_coordinate[1]
result += (
f"pyautogui.moveTo({start_x}, {start_y}, duration={duration or 0.5})\n"
)
result += (
f"pyautogui.dragTo({x}, {y}, duration={duration or 0.5})\n"
)
expected_outcome = f"Cursor dragged to ({x},{y})."
# Handle keyboard actions
elif action in ("key", "type"):
if text is None:
raise ValueError(f"text is required for {action}")
if coordinate is not None:
raise ValueError(f"coordinate is not accepted for {action}")
if not isinstance(text, str):
raise ValueError(f"{text} must be a string")
if action == "key":
key_conversion = {
"page_down": "pagedown",
"page_up": "pageup",
"super_l": "win",
"super": "command",
"escape": "esc"
}
keys = text.split('+')
for key in keys:
key = key.strip().lower()
key = key_conversion.get(key, key)
result += (f"pyautogui.keyDown('{key}')\n")
for key in reversed(keys):
key = key.strip().lower()
key = key_conversion.get(key, key)
result += (f"pyautogui.keyUp('{key}')\n")
expected_outcome = f"Key {key} pressed."
elif action == "type":
for char in text:
if char == '\n':
result += "pyautogui.press('enter')\n"
elif char == "'":
result += 'pyautogui.press("\'")\n'
elif char == '\\':
result += "pyautogui.press('\\\\')\n"
elif char == '"':
result += "pyautogui.press('\"')\n"
else:
result += f"pyautogui.press('{char}')\n"
expected_outcome = f"Text {text} written."
# Handle scroll actions
elif action == "scroll":
if text is not None:
result += (f"pyautogui.keyDown('{text.lower()}')\n")
if coordinate is None:
if scroll_direction in ("up", "down"):
result += (
f"pyautogui.scroll({scroll_amount if scroll_direction == 'up' else -scroll_amount})\n"
)
elif scroll_direction in ("left", "right"):
result += (
f"pyautogui.hscroll({scroll_amount if scroll_direction == 'right' else -scroll_amount})\n"
)
else:
if scroll_direction in ("up", "down"):
x, y = coordinate[0], coordinate[1]
result += (
f"pyautogui.scroll({scroll_amount if scroll_direction == 'up' else -scroll_amount}, {x}, {y})\n"
)
elif scroll_direction in ("left", "right"):
x, y = coordinate[0], coordinate[1]
result += (
f"pyautogui.hscroll({scroll_amount if scroll_direction == 'right' else -scroll_amount}, {x}, {y})\n"
)
if text is not None:
result += (f"pyautogui.keyUp('{text.lower()}')\n")
expected_outcome = "Scroll action finished"
# Handle click actions
elif action in ("left_click", "right_click", "double_click", "middle_click", "left_press", "triple_click"):
# Handle modifier keys during click if specified
if text:
keys = text.split('+')
for key in keys:
key = key.strip().lower()
result += f"pyautogui.keyDown('{key}')\n"
if coordinate is not None:
x, y = coordinate
if action == "left_click":
result += (f"pyautogui.click({x}, {y})\n")
elif action == "right_click":
result += (f"pyautogui.rightClick({x}, {y})\n")
elif action == "double_click":
result += (f"pyautogui.doubleClick({x}, {y})\n")
elif action == "middle_click":
result += (f"pyautogui.middleClick({x}, {y})\n")
elif action == "left_press":
result += (f"pyautogui.mouseDown({x}, {y})\n")
result += ("time.sleep(1)\n")
result += (f"pyautogui.mouseUp({x}, {y})\n")
elif action == "triple_click":
result += (f"pyautogui.tripleClick({x}, {y})\n")
else:
if action == "left_click":
result += ("pyautogui.click()\n")
elif action == "right_click":
result += ("pyautogui.rightClick()\n")
elif action == "double_click":
result += ("pyautogui.doubleClick()\n")
elif action == "middle_click":
result += ("pyautogui.middleClick()\n")
elif action == "left_press":
result += ("pyautogui.mouseDown()\n")
result += ("time.sleep(1)\n")
result += ("pyautogui.mouseUp()\n")
elif action == "triple_click":
result += ("pyautogui.tripleClick()\n")
# Release modifier keys after click
if text:
keys = text.split('+')
for key in reversed(keys):
key = key.strip().lower()
result += f"pyautogui.keyUp('{key}')\n"
expected_outcome = "Click action finished"
elif action == "wait":
result += "pyautogui.sleep(0.5)\n"
expected_outcome = "Wait for 0.5 seconds"
elif action == "fail":
result += "FAIL"
expected_outcome = "Finished"
elif action == "done":
result += "DONE"
expected_outcome = "Finished"
elif action == "call_user":
result += "CALL_USER"
expected_outcome = "Call user"
elif action == "screenshot":
result += "pyautogui.sleep(0.1)\n"
expected_outcome = "Screenshot taken"
else:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid action: {action}")
return result
def predict(self, task_instruction: str, obs: Dict = None, system: Any = None):
system = BetaTextBlockParam(
type="text",
text=f"{SYSTEM_PROMPT_WINDOWS if self.platform == 'Windows' else SYSTEM_PROMPT}{' ' + self.system_prompt_suffix if self.system_prompt_suffix else ''}"
)
# resize screenshot if resize_factor is set
if obs and "screenshot" in obs:
# Convert bytes to PIL Image
screenshot_bytes = obs["screenshot"]
screenshot_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(screenshot_bytes))
# Store original unresized screenshot for zoom processing
obs["screenshot_original"] = screenshot_bytes
# Calculate new size based on resize factor
new_width, new_height = 1280, 720
# Resize the image
resized_image = screenshot_image.resize((new_width, new_height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
# Convert back to bytes
output_buffer = io.BytesIO()
resized_image.save(output_buffer, format='PNG')
obs["screenshot"] = output_buffer.getvalue()
if not self.messages:
init_screenshot = obs
init_screenshot_base64 = base64.b64encode(init_screenshot["screenshot"]).decode('utf-8')
self.messages.append({
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"type": "image",
"source": {
"type": "base64",
"media_type": "image/png",
"data": init_screenshot_base64,
},
},
{"type": "text", "text": task_instruction},
]
})
# Add tool_result for ALL tool_use blocks in the last message
if self.messages:
last_message_content = self.messages[-1]["content"]
tool_use_blocks = [block for block in last_message_content if block.get("type") == "tool_use"]
for i, tool_block in enumerate(tool_use_blocks):
tool_input = tool_block.get("input", {})
action = tool_input.get("action")
is_last_tool = i == len(tool_use_blocks) - 1
include_screenshot = None
if obs:
if action == "screenshot":
# Screenshot action always gets regular screenshot
include_screenshot = obs.get("screenshot")
elif is_last_tool:
# Auto-screenshot: last tool gets regular screenshot (unless it's zoom, handled above)
include_screenshot = obs.get("screenshot")
self.add_tool_result(
tool_block["id"],
f"Success",
screenshot=include_screenshot
)
enable_prompt_caching = False
betas = [COMPUTER_USE_BETA_FLAG]
# Add interleaved thinking beta if ISP is requested
if self.use_isp:
betas.append("interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14")
logger.info(f"Added interleaved thinking beta. Betas: {betas}")
image_truncation_threshold = 10
if self.provider == APIProvider.ANTHROPIC:
client = Anthropic(api_key=self.api_key, max_retries=4).with_options(
default_headers={"anthropic-beta": COMPUTER_USE_BETA_FLAG}
)
enable_prompt_caching = True
elif self.provider == APIProvider.VERTEX:
client = AnthropicVertex()
elif self.provider == APIProvider.BEDROCK:
client = AnthropicBedrock(
# Authenticate by either providing the keys below or use the default AWS credential providers, such as
# using ~/.aws/credentials or the "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" and "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" environment variables.
aws_access_key=os.getenv('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
aws_secret_key=os.getenv('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
# aws_region changes the aws region to which the request is made. By default, we read AWS_REGION,
# and if that's not present, we default to us-east-1. Note that we do not read ~/.aws/config for the region.
aws_region=os.getenv('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION'),
)
if enable_prompt_caching:
betas.append(PROMPT_CACHING_BETA_FLAG)
_inject_prompt_caching(self.messages)
image_truncation_threshold = 20
system["cache_control"] = {"type": "ephemeral"}
if self.only_n_most_recent_images:
_maybe_filter_to_n_most_recent_images(
self.messages,
self.only_n_most_recent_images,
min_removal_threshold=image_truncation_threshold,
)
# Configure tool settings - use modern computer tool for all models
tool_config = {
'name': 'computer',
'type': COMPUTER_USE_TYPE,
'display_width_px': 1280,
'display_height_px': 720,
'display_number': 1
}
tools = [
tool_config,
] if self.platform == 'Ubuntu' else [
tool_config,
]
# Configure thinking mode based on user preferences
if self.no_thinking:
# Disable thinking mode - omit the thinking parameter
extra_body = {}
actual_max_tokens = self.max_tokens # Use default when no thinking
logger.info("Thinking mode: DISABLED")
else:
# Enable thinking mode (regular or interleaved)
# Use consistent 2048 budget for both regular and ISP thinking
budget_tokens = 2048
# For regular thinking: max_tokens > budget_tokens (API requirement)
# For ISP: budget_tokens can exceed max_tokens (represents total across all thinking blocks)
if self.max_tokens <= budget_tokens:
required_max_tokens = budget_tokens + 500 # Give some headroom
logger.warning(f"Regular thinking requires max_tokens > budget_tokens. Increasing max_tokens from {self.max_tokens} to {required_max_tokens}")
actual_max_tokens = required_max_tokens
else:
actual_max_tokens = self.max_tokens
extra_body = {
"thinking": {"type": "enabled", "budget_tokens": budget_tokens}
}
if self.use_isp:
logger.info("Thinking mode: INTERLEAVED SCRATCHPAD (ISP)")
else:
logger.info("Thinking mode: REGULAR SCRATCHPAD")
try:
response = None
for attempt in range(API_RETRY_TIMES):
try:
response = client.beta.messages.create(
max_tokens=actual_max_tokens,
messages=self.messages,
model=get_model_name(self.provider, self.model_name),
system=[system],
tools=tools,
betas=betas,
extra_body=extra_body,
**self._get_sampling_params()
)
logger.info(f"Response: {response}")
break
except (APIError, APIStatusError, APIResponseValidationError) as e:
error_msg = str(e)
logger.warning(f"Anthropic API error (attempt {attempt+1}/{API_RETRY_TIMES}): {error_msg}")
if "25000000" in error_msg or "Member must have length less than or equal to" in error_msg:
logger.warning("Detected 25MB limit error, automatically reducing image count")
current_image_count = self.only_n_most_recent_images
new_image_count = max(1, current_image_count // 2) # Keep at least 1 image
self.only_n_most_recent_images = new_image_count
_maybe_filter_to_n_most_recent_images(
self.messages,
new_image_count,
min_removal_threshold=image_truncation_threshold,
)
logger.info(f"Image count reduced from {current_image_count} to {new_image_count}")
if attempt < API_RETRY_TIMES - 1:
time.sleep(API_RETRY_INTERVAL)
else:
raise # All attempts failed, raise exception to enter existing except logic
except (APIError, APIStatusError, APIResponseValidationError) as e:
logger.exception(f"Anthropic API error: {str(e)}")
try:
logger.warning("Retrying with backup API key...")
backup_client = Anthropic(api_key=os.environ.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY_BACKUP"), max_retries=4).with_options(
default_headers={"anthropic-beta": COMPUTER_USE_BETA_FLAG}
)
response = backup_client.beta.messages.create(
max_tokens=actual_max_tokens,
messages=self.messages,
model=get_model_name(self.provider, self.model_name),
system=[system],
tools=tools,
betas=betas,
extra_body=extra_body,
**self._get_sampling_params()
)
logger.info("Successfully used backup API key")
except Exception as backup_e:
backup_error_msg = str(backup_e)
logger.exception(f"Backup API call also failed: {backup_error_msg}")
# Check if backup API also has 25MB limit error
if "25000000" in backup_error_msg or "Member must have length less than or equal to" in backup_error_msg:
logger.warning("Backup API also encountered 25MB limit error, further reducing image count")
# Reduce image count by half again
current_image_count = self.only_n_most_recent_images
new_image_count = max(1, current_image_count // 2) # Keep at least 1 image
self.only_n_most_recent_images = new_image_count
# Reapply image filtering
_maybe_filter_to_n_most_recent_images(
self.messages,
new_image_count,
min_removal_threshold=image_truncation_threshold,
)
logger.info(f"Backup API image count reduced from {current_image_count} to {new_image_count}")
return None, None
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(f"Error in Anthropic API: {str(e)}")
return None, None
if response is None:
logger.error("Response is None after API call - this should not happen")
return None, None
response_params = _response_to_params(response)
logger.info(f"Received response params: {response_params}")
# Convert raw response to concatenated string for trajectory logging
raw_response_str = self._extract_raw_response_string(response)
# Store response in message history
self.messages.append({
"role": "assistant",
"content": response_params
})
max_parse_retry = 3
for parse_retry in range(max_parse_retry):
actions: list[Any] = []
reasonings: list[str] = []
try:
for content_block in response_params:
if content_block["type"] == "tool_use":
actions.append({
"name": content_block["name"],
"input": cast(dict[str, Any], content_block["input"]),
"id": content_block["id"],
"action_type": content_block.get("type"),
"command": self.parse_actions_from_tool_call(content_block),
"raw_response": raw_response_str # Add raw response to each action
})
elif content_block["type"] == "text":
reasonings.append(content_block["text"])
if isinstance(reasonings, list) and len(reasonings) > 0:
reasonings = reasonings[0]
else:
reasonings = ""
# Check if the model indicated the task is infeasible
if raw_response_str and "[INFEASIBLE]" in raw_response_str:
logger.info("Detected [INFEASIBLE] pattern in response, triggering FAIL action")
# Override actions with FAIL
actions = [{
"action_type": "FAIL",
"raw_response": raw_response_str
}]
logger.info(f"Received actions: {actions}")
logger.info(f"Received reasonings: {reasonings}")
if len(actions) == 0:
actions = [{
"action_type": "DONE",
"raw_response": raw_response_str
}]
return reasonings, actions
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"parse_actions_from_tool_call parsing failed (attempt {parse_retry+1}/3), will retry API request: {e}")
# Remove the recently appended assistant message to avoid polluting history
self.messages.pop()
# Retry API request
response = None
for attempt in range(API_RETRY_TIMES):
try:
response = client.beta.messages.create(
max_tokens=actual_max_tokens,
messages=self.messages,
model=get_model_name(self.provider, self.model_name),
system=[system],
tools=tools,
betas=betas,
extra_body=extra_body,
**self._get_sampling_params()
)
logger.info(f"Response: {response}")
break # Success, exit retry loop
except (APIError, APIStatusError, APIResponseValidationError) as e2:
error_msg = str(e2)
logger.warning(f"Anthropic API error (attempt {attempt+1}/{API_RETRY_TIMES}): {error_msg}")
if attempt < API_RETRY_TIMES - 1:
time.sleep(API_RETRY_INTERVAL)
else:
raise
response_params = _response_to_params(response)
logger.info(f"Received response params: {response_params}")
# Update raw response string for retry case (will be used in next loop iteration)
raw_response_str = self._extract_raw_response_string(response)
self.messages.append({
"role": "assistant",
"content": response_params
})
if parse_retry == max_parse_retry - 1:
logger.error(f"parse_actions_from_tool_call parsing failed 3 times consecutively, terminating: {e}")
actions = [{
"action_type": "FAIL",
"raw_response": f"Failed to parse actions from tool call after {max_parse_retry} attempts: {e}"
}]
return reasonings, actions
def reset(self, _logger = None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Reset the agent's state.
"""
global logger
if _logger:
logger = _logger
else:
logger = logging.getLogger("desktopenv.agent")
self.messages = []
logger.info(f"{self.class_name} reset.")